Gagne's+Theory+of+Instruction

=Gagne's Theory of Instruction= = =

Definition
Gagne’s theory of instruction consists of three principles: Categories of learning outcomes; Conditions of learning; and Nine events of instruction What does this mean? Learning Outcomes:

> > **a.** Discrimination: **Recognizing that two classes of things differ > b.** Concrete concept: **Classifying things by their physical features alone > c.** Defined concept: **Classifying things by their abstract (and possibly physical) features > d.** Rule: **Applying a simple procedure to solve a problem or accomplish a task > e.** Higher-order rule: **Applying a complex procedure (or multiple simple procedures) to solve a problem or accomplish a task > > Cognitive strategies: Inventing or selecting a particular mental process to solve a problem or accomplish a task > > Motor skills: Performing a physical task to some specified standard > > Attitudes: Choosing to behave in a way that reflects a newly-acquired value or belief > Conditions of Learning: > Internal – a person’s inherent comprehension skills > a. Thought process > b. Attention > c. Motivation > d. Recall > External – factors surrounding a person’s behavior > e. Teacher > f. Environment > g. Timing of stimuli > Nine Events of Instruction:** > Gaining attention. > **To ensure reception of coming instruction, the teacher gives the learners a stimulus. Before the learners can start to process any new information, the instructor must gain the attention of the learners. This might entail using abrupt changes in the instruction.** > > Tell learners the learning objective. > > The teacher tells the learner what they will be able to do because of the instruction. The teacher communicates the desired outcome to the group. > Stimulating recall of prior learning. > **The teacher asks for recall of existing relevant knowledge.** > > Presenting the stimulus. Display the content. > > **The teacher gives emphasis to distinctive features. > > Providing learning guidance. > The teacher helps the students in understanding (semantic encoding) by providing organization and relevance. > > Eliciting performance. > The teacher asks the learners to respond, demonstrating learning > > Providing feedback. > The teacher gives informative feedback on the learners' performance.** > Assessing performance. > **The teacher requires more learner performance, and gives feedback, to reinforce learning.** > Enhancing retention and transfer to other contexts.** > The teacher provides varied practice to generalize the capability. > > Source: > Taxonomy of Learning Outcomes, [|http://academics.georgiasouthern.edu/cet/workshops/go/gagne_taxonomy_of_learning_outcomes.doc >   Learning Theory, An Overview, http://www.csulb.edu/~dkumrow/conference/learning_theory.html > > > >
 * Verbal information:**
 * Reciting something from memory
 * Intellectual skills